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Phase-noise power multiplies
with the square of the frequency!
The role of QL stays unchanged!
The loaded-resonator quality
QL is the most important
quantity for phase noise!
QL
Variable-frequency
oscillators
Fixed-frequency
oscillators
RC VCO
30↔100
~1
LC tuned circuit
1000↔3000
Cavity resonator
1000↔3000
Ceramic
dielectric resonator
3000↔10000
AT-cut quartz crystal
(fundamental)
10000↔30000
AT-cut quartz crystal
(3rd/5th overtone)
~105
Electro-optical
delay line ($)
Sapphire dielectric
resonator ($$$)
~3∙105
QL
Red HeNe LASER
~108
RC oscillator
~1
BWO tube
~1
YIG (Y3Fe5O12 ) oscillator
10↔30
LC varactor VCO
300↔1000